{"id":29228,"date":"2020-10-12T06:00:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-12T05:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/?p=29228"},"modified":"2023-07-09T14:34:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-09T12:34:29","slug":"robar-nos-el-temps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/","title":{"rendered":"Robar-nos el temps"},"content":{"rendered":"

A l\u2019Edat Mitjana robar <\/em>el temps era considerat un delicte perqu\u00e8, tipificat dins el pecat de la usura, atemptava de ple contra els valors de l\u2019\u00e8poca. Jacques Le Goff a La bolsa y la vida<\/em> explica qui era l\u2019usurer i com se\u2019l castigava. Aquell qui cometia delicte d\u2019usura era condemnat com qualsevol altre lladre que comet\u00e9s un robatori o una rapinya. L\u2019usurer rebia un b\u00e9 ali\u00e8 atorgat contra la voluntat del seu propietari, que en \u00faltima inst\u00e0ncia, era D\u00e9u: \u00abLos usureros son ladrones, pues venden tiempo que no les pertenece, y vender bien ajeno contra la voluntad del poseedor es robar\u00bb.[1]<\/sup><\/a> A l\u2019\u00e8poca medieval, la diferencia entre el dia i la nit, entre la llum i la foscor, era molt m\u00e9s evident i comportava, a la vegada, un marcat judici de valors sobre les activitats que es realitzaven en cada un d\u2019aquests dos espais de temps. El robatori <\/em>de temps nocturn, moment destinat al rep\u00f2s, al descans, al recolliment i a l\u2019espiritualitat, tenia una connotaci\u00f3 encara m\u00e9s negativa; com diu Le Goff: \u00abAdem\u00e1s, como no venden otra cosa que la demora de dinero, es decir el tiempo, venden los d\u00edas y las noches. Pero el d\u00eda es el tiempo de la claridad y la noche el tiempo de reposo. Por lo consiguiente venden la luz y el reposo. No es pues justo que ellos tengan luz y reposo eterno\u00bb.[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

En una temporalitat tan mon\u00f2tona, en la que cada dia era igual a l\u2019anterior i l\u2019\u00fanic que trencava el cicle repetitiu dels dies eren les escasses festivitats i celebracions anuals, apropiar-se del temps d\u2019un altre era encara m\u00e9s injust. Teresa Vinyoles explica l\u2019entusiasme amb el que eren viscudes les comptades pauses festives que s\u2019alternaven en calendari regular de treball.[3]<\/sup><\/a> Contr\u00e0riament al que passa ara, la temporalitat estava ben definida i separada; fins i tot les estacions de l\u2019any eren m\u00e9s evidents, i les hores de sol de cada una d\u2019elles provocaven grans difer\u00e8ncies en la mateixa jornada laboral: amb uns dies d\u2019estiu llargs i unes nits d\u2019hivern que semblaven no tenir fi. En aquest m\u00f3n medieval, perfectament normativitzat, eren nombroses les reglamentacions ciutadanes que estipulaven la finalitzaci\u00f3 de la jornada laboral amb la posta de sol i prohibien, a la vegada, el treball nocturn. El Livre des M\u00e9tiers<\/em>[4]<\/sup><\/a> parisenc especifica com nom\u00e9s els artesans i obradors que treballessin pel rei o pel bisbe de Par\u00eds podien seguir treballant durant la nit.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s quan aconseguim domesticar la llum que ens apropem a la temporalitat homog\u00e8nia tan indissociable del nostre present. Jonathan Crary, a 24\/7,<\/em> situa el que considera que \u00e9s la primera imatge del treball nocturn en \u2018Arkwrights Cotton Mills by Night\u2019, pintura de Josep Wright que mostra la primera f\u00e0brica que va obrir ininterrompudament al Regne Unit.[5]<\/a> En aquesta obra, Wright pret\u00e9n representar la il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 de la primera filatura que es va organitzar en dos torns de 12 hores. Aquest fet devia ser tan noved\u00f3s i especial que sembla que Wright no s\u00e0piga ben b\u00e9 com representar-ho: el cel \u00e9s ben fosc per\u00f2 al mig hi ha gran n\u00favol blanc que trenca la negre nit. Sembla que aquesta llum artificial comenci a anticipar, d\u2019alguna manera, l\u2019erosi\u00f3 de les temporalitats c\u00edcliques i estacionals. El dia i la nit s\u2019apropen. S\u2019aniran apropant fins difuminar la l\u00ednia entre temps de descans i de productivitat, entre el temps de treball i el de l\u2019oci, entre el plaer i el rep\u00f2s.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Joseph Wright, Arkwright’s Cotton Mills by Night, 1782<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les fotografies de la s\u00e8rie \u2018Overbudget\u2019 de Josep Fonti evoquen aquest rep\u00f2s tan exhaust que sembla que a vegades visquem. S\u00f3n autoretrats que mostren el moment de descans i de pausa en un viatge de m\u00e9s de 6.000 milles de Nova York a San Francisco. Una s\u00e8rie d\u2019autoretrats nocturns en motels de ciutats americanes. El viatge \u00e9s una mena de fugida endavant on la carretera sembla convertir-se en un refugi i on el motel encarna el rep\u00f2s despersonalitzat per antonom\u00e0sia. Potser no \u00e9s m\u00e9s que la cerca de l\u2019evasi\u00f3 a la gran trampa del 24\/7, de disposar de tot en tot moment. Diu Crary: \u00abNo obstante, en los pa\u00edses ricos del mundo, lo que alguna vez fue consumismo se ha convertido en una actividad, las veinticuatro horas, los siete d\u00edas de la semana, relacionada con las t\u00e9cnicas de despersonalizaci\u00f3n, individualizaci\u00f3n, interacci\u00f3n con los dispositivos y comunicaci\u00f3n obligatoria\u00bb.[6]<\/a> Sembla que enaquest m\u00f3n que mai s\u2019atura continuem cercant aquest rep\u00f2s en cercles, una suspensi\u00f3 gaireb\u00e9 desesperada en una societat sense pausa.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Si la llum artificial dilueix la temporalitat, les noves tecnologies l\u2019estiren i la dilaten encara m\u00e9s. Cristina Garrido a \u2018Clocking In and Out\u2019 es fotografia cada dia durant una setmana en llevar-se i en adormir-se, explorant aix\u00ed les relacions de productivitat del nostre temps, del treball cognitiu i del descans. Sembla doncs que tot temps i tota acci\u00f3 s\u00f3n susceptibles a ser productives: i si ja no hi ha espai per el rep\u00f2s?; I si ja no sabem trobar moments pel descans?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cristina Garrido, Clocking In and Out, 2015 Font: https:\/\/cristina-garrido.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A \u2018Produciendo tiempo entre otras cosas\u2019 Iratxe Jaio y Klaas van Gorkum agafen com a punt de partida una an\u00e8cdota de l\u2019avi de Klaas, qui despr\u00e9s de jubilar-se va demanar als seus companys de taller que li fessin un torn per tal de poder seguir fent peces de fusta. Diuen que pertanyia a una generaci\u00f3 que considerava que el temps lliure s\u2019havia d\u2019invertir fent alguna cosa productiva. Tal vegada, la diferencia entre la seva i la nostra generaci\u00f3, on l\u2019oci s\u2019ha productivitzat, \u00e9s en la diversa concepci\u00f3 del temps de lleure. Nosaltres, en canvi, pensem gaudir sense culpabilitzacions del temps d\u2019oci; per\u00f2 ens trobem, a vegades, en la mateixa situaci\u00f3 que la Cristina, fent-nos fotos i productivitzant-nos, monitoritzant-nos, fins i tot, les hores de son a trav\u00e9s d\u2019aplicacions.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Iratxe Jaio + Klaas van Gorkum, Produciendo tiempo entre otras cosas, 2011 Font: http:\/\/www.parallelports.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Qui sap si ens podr\u00edem plantejar robar-nos<\/em> el temps a fi de b\u00e9? Com, per exemple, la web de Mario Santamar\u00eda que est\u00e0 operativa 23 h al dia, en comptes de 24 h. Potser l\u2019\u00fanica manera que siguem capa\u00e7os d\u2019alliberar-nos del tot gira \u00e9s prendre\u2019ns aquesta hora, \u00e9s anul\u00b7lant l\u2019acc\u00e9s, fent caure el servidor i obligant-nos a una pausa de 60 minuts.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mario Santamar\u00eda, Also this website is Available 23 hours a day, 7 days a week, 2017 Font: http:\/\/www.twenty-three-seven.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Aquest robatori, contr\u00e0riament al del pecat de la usura, sembla l\u2019\u00fanica manera de tornar-nos el temps de descans i de quietud. Avui en dia potser el temps m\u00e9s preuat \u00e9s el temps d’inactivitat. Seguirem provant de cercar temps i hores dins l\u2019espai del 24\/7 de llum i connectivitat; seguirem pensant si el temps ens pertany, si el controlem, si el robem o si el venem i, mentre no ho sapiguem fer una mica millor, potser val m\u00e9s que ens els robin, que ens robin alguna de les hores per tal de fer un veritable descans.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(Imatge destacada:\u00a0Josep Fonti, Overbudget,\u00a0 2017. Font: http:\/\/www.josepfonti.com\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Jacques Le Goff (2003), La bolsa y la vida: econom\u00eda y religi\u00f3n en la Edad Media, Barcelona, Espa\u00f1a, Gedisa p.58.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> Ib\u00eddem.<\/em><\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Carme Batlle, Teresa Vinyoles (2002): Mirada a la Barcelona medieval des de les finestres g\u00f2tiques (2002), Barcelona, Espa\u00f1a, Rafael Dalmau.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u00c9tienne Boileau (1879), Livres des M\u00e9tiers (1210-1270) (Edici\u00f3 a cura de Ren\u00e9 de Lespinasse i Fran\u00e7ois Bonnardot), Par\u00eds: Imprimerie Nationale.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Jonathan Crary, 24\/7: Capitalismo tard\u00edo y el fin del sue\u00f1o (2015), Barcelona, Espa\u00f1a, Ariel p.71.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Ib\u00eddem,<\/em> p.81.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A l\u2019Edat Mitjana robar el temps era considerat un delicte perqu\u00e8, tipificat dins el pecat de la usura, atemptava de ple contra els valors de l\u2019\u00e8poca. Jacques Le Goff a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2682,"featured_media":29215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6058],"tags":[],"coauthors":[6625],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRobar-nos el temps – A*Desk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robar-nos el temps – A*Desk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A l\u2019Edat Mitjana robar el temps era considerat un delicte perqu\u00e8, tipificat dins el pecat de la usura, atemptava de ple contra els valors de l\u2019\u00e8poca. Jacques Le Goff a...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"A*Desk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-12T05:00:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-09T12:34:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"663\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Elies\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Claudia Elies\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minuts\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label3\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data3\" content=\"Claudia Elies\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/\",\"name\":\"Robar-nos el temps – A*Desk\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-12T05:00:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-09T12:34:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/2133b7f49309ce9100c7b2871b183a6e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":663},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Robar-nos el temps\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/\",\"name\":\"A*Desk\",\"description\":\"A*Desk Critical Thinking\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/2133b7f49309ce9100c7b2871b183a6e\",\"name\":\"Claudia Elies\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/084b21858ef1e7d97cf67a54454b91d7\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1650f468cd1244cf94f288b4ec88a3b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1650f468cd1244cf94f288b4ec88a3b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Claudia Elies\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/autor\/claudiaelies\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Robar-nos el temps – A*Desk","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Robar-nos el temps – A*Desk","og_description":"A l\u2019Edat Mitjana robar el temps era considerat un delicte perqu\u00e8, tipificat dins el pecat de la usura, atemptava de ple contra els valors de l\u2019\u00e8poca. Jacques Le Goff a...","og_url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/","og_site_name":"A*Desk","article_published_time":"2020-10-12T05:00:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-07-09T12:34:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":663,"url":"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Claudia Elies","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrit per":"Claudia Elies","Temps estimat de lectura":"7 minuts","Written by":"Claudia Elies"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/","name":"Robar-nos el temps – A*Desk","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg","datePublished":"2020-10-12T05:00:23+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-09T12:34:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/2133b7f49309ce9100c7b2871b183a6e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2.jpg","width":1000,"height":663},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/robar-nos-el-temps\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Robar-nos el temps"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/","name":"A*Desk","description":"A*Desk Critical Thinking","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/2133b7f49309ce9100c7b2871b183a6e","name":"Claudia Elies","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/084b21858ef1e7d97cf67a54454b91d7","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1650f468cd1244cf94f288b4ec88a3b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1650f468cd1244cf94f288b4ec88a3b2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Claudia Elies"},"url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/autor\/claudiaelies\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29228"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2682"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29228"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29228\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30213,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29228\/revisions\/30213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29228"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=29228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}