{"id":7107,"date":"2012-12-09T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-09T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/2012\/12\/09\/boja-mina\/"},"modified":"2012-12-09T02:00:00","modified_gmt":"2012-12-09T02:00:00","slug":"boja-mina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/","title":{"rendered":"Boja Mina"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dolle_Mina.jpg\" Durant les d\u00e8cades dels setanta i els vuitanta, despr\u00e9s de la mort de Franco i durant els primers anys de l’anomenada Transici\u00f3, diversos grups activistes van produir una important quantitat de materials gr\u00e0fics. Cartells, adhesius, xapes i fulletons es troben emmagatzemats a les seus dels grups, o estan essent recopilats en arxius que avui suporten l’envit revisionista i museu\u00eftzador d’investigacions i pr\u00e0ctiques comissarials “pol\u00edtiques” i “activistes”.<\/p>\n

Cartells com els que veiem aqu\u00ed, o si m\u00e9s no realitzats a partir de par\u00e0metres i objectius similars, van ser produ\u00efts a la llum de moviments aut\u00f2noms que van identificar en la gr\u00e0fica i en les seves possibilitats est\u00e8tiques una potent eina de q\u00fcestionament i de transmissi\u00f3 ideol\u00f2gica. Conscients del valor de les imatges i els signes, van plasmar les seves idees i reivindicacions en paper o en accions a peu de carrer, que actualment ens entestem a anomenar performances.<\/p>\n

Aquesta producci\u00f3, conv\u00e9 recordar, estava al servei d’un ideari pol\u00edtic i subjecta a processos de producci\u00f3 molt concrets, que poc o res tenien a veure amb els que prevalien en l’entramat art\u00edstic del moment. I com que l’est\u00e8tica mai \u00e9s ni neutra ni a-hist\u00f2rica, es va produir, en alguns casos, una sacsejada iconogr\u00e0fica i estil\u00edstica que no era m\u00e9s que el reflex d’una voluntat pol\u00edtica de des-estandarditzaci\u00f3 i diferenciaci\u00f3. \u00c9s el cas de la gr\u00e0fica del moviment feminista, en l’evoluci\u00f3 de la qual s’evidencia un intent de ruptura amb la tradici\u00f3 del “bon” disseny, fruit al mateix temps d’una aspiraci\u00f3 de canvi, i l’amateurisme i anonimat que va caracteritzar bona part de la producci\u00f3. La immensa majoria de documents no estan signats i romanen sense atribuir, pel fet que s’inscrivien en pr\u00e0ctiques col\u00b7laboratives, en les quals la milit\u00e0ncia i la col\u00b7lectivitat anul\u00b7laven tot conat d’autoria individual. La primacia del \u201cdo it yourself\u201d<\/em> es complementava amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 d’artistes, dissenyadores o estudiants de Belles Arts que, afins a la causa feminista, hi contribu\u00efen amb el seu treball.<\/p>\n

Cartells i adhesius, en general, no estan datats, de manera que el criteri estil\u00edstic esdev\u00e9 una eina b\u00e0sica de dataci\u00f3. L’evoluci\u00f3 \u00e9s prou clara: l’economia de formes i l’esquematitzaci\u00f3 que predomina a la d\u00e8cada dels setanta d\u00f3na pas a una major proliferaci\u00f3 d’elements, a un allunyament de l’estilitzaci\u00f3 darrere de plantejaments figuratius m\u00e9s directes, al collage i foto-collage, a contaminacions tipogr\u00e0fiques … Es mantenen les prefer\u00e8ncies crom\u00e0tiques (roses, morats …), la representaci\u00f3 del cos femen\u00ed (encara que canvien les formes) i la constant pres\u00e8ncia del s\u00edmbol feminista.<\/p>\n

El tipus de gr\u00e0fica no \u00e9s tan diferent al proposat per altres grups coetanis d’Europa o Estats Units; es donen freq\u00fcents coincid\u00e8ncies. Encara que pugui semblar sorprenent, a causa del retard generalitzat conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de la dictadura, l’incipient moviment feminista va tenir, a nivell estatal, unes aspiracions i unes maneres de fer que podrien definir-se com internacionals.<\/p>\n

\"FEM01-2.png\"<\/p>\n

Les reivindicacions es van centrar, igual que en d\u2019altres pa\u00efsos, en la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 dels drets sexuals i reproductius, encara que aqu\u00ed va caldre fer front a una legislaci\u00f3 ultraconservadora que amb prou feines havia canviat despr\u00e9s de la mort del dictador. Un cartell signat per l’Assemblea de Dones de Biscaia reclama l’amnistia per les 350 dones que l\u2019any 1976 estaven a la pres\u00f3 pels anomenats “delictes espec\u00edfics” (adulteri, avortament i prostituci\u00f3). Un dels primers cartells del moviment feminista basc, en el que les reixes de la pres\u00f3 no s\u2019acaben de concretar, potser en al\u00b7lusi\u00f3 a una potencial amnistia. Empresonat, el s\u00edmbol feminista utilitza la variant del puny al\u00e7at, t\u00edpica del moviment en aquells anys, i que d\u00f3na compte de les estretes (i de vegades problem\u00e0tiques) relacions entre els feminismes i les lluites de l’esquerra radical. El mateix icona apareix en un p\u00f2ster d’aquella \u00e8poca realitzat pels grups feministes socialistes D\u00f6lle Mina, molt actius a B\u00e8lgica i als Pa\u00efsos Baixos des de finals dels anys seixanta. Les D\u00f6lle Mina, que prenen el seu nom de l’activista de la primera onada Wilhelmina Drucker (1847-1925), van centrar les seves lluites en q\u00fcestions com l’avortament o l’acc\u00e9s als m\u00e8todes anticonceptius, a trav\u00e9s de sorprenents accions de carrer i d’una imponent producci\u00f3 gr\u00e0fica.<\/p>\n

Imagino que fa trenta anys, aqu\u00ed, el carrer tenia un d’espai expositiu. Les parets contenien formes, imatges, missatges … Amb el pas dels anys, es van al\u00b7ludir motius est\u00e8tics per prohibir les enganxades d’uns cartells que avui, quan \u00e9s el cas, es poden contemplar en museus i centres d’art, en conniv\u00e8ncia amb aquesta institucionalitzaci\u00f3 del tot que fa temps ens assola.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Durant les d\u00e8cades dels setanta i els vuitanta, despr\u00e9s de la mort de Franco i durant els primers anys de l’anomenada Transici\u00f3, diversos grups activistes van produir una important quantitat…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1270,"featured_media":7092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6782],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBoja Mina – A*Desk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Boja Mina – A*Desk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Durant les d\u00e8cades dels setanta i els vuitanta, despr\u00e9s de la mort de Franco i durant els primers anys de l’anomenada Transici\u00f3, diversos grups activistes van produir una important quantitat...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"A*Desk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-12-09T02:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"670\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"951\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Maite Garbayo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maite Garbayo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuts\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label3\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data3\" content=\"Maite Garbayo\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/\",\"name\":\"Boja Mina – A*Desk\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-12-09T02:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-12-09T02:00:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/cc1177f35005bec79d1ada6d85750477\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg\",\"width\":670,\"height\":951,\"caption\":\"Dolle_Mina.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Boja Mina\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/\",\"name\":\"A*Desk\",\"description\":\"A*Desk Critical Thinking\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/cc1177f35005bec79d1ada6d85750477\",\"name\":\"Maite Garbayo\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/68ecbdc81413d8cf2093ab4f934e2c7f\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/934a86c8ef8014a668dc329d51303f48?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/934a86c8ef8014a668dc329d51303f48?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Maite Garbayo\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/autor\/garbayo\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Boja Mina – A*Desk","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Boja Mina – A*Desk","og_description":"Durant les d\u00e8cades dels setanta i els vuitanta, despr\u00e9s de la mort de Franco i durant els primers anys de l’anomenada Transici\u00f3, diversos grups activistes van produir una important quantitat...","og_url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/","og_site_name":"A*Desk","article_published_time":"2012-12-09T02:00:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":670,"height":951,"url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Maite Garbayo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrit per":"Maite Garbayo","Temps estimat de lectura":"4 minuts","Written by":"Maite Garbayo"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/","name":"Boja Mina – A*Desk","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg","datePublished":"2012-12-09T02:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2012-12-09T02:00:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/cc1177f35005bec79d1ada6d85750477"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Dolle_Mina.jpg","width":670,"height":951,"caption":"Dolle_Mina.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/boja-mina\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Boja Mina"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/","name":"A*Desk","description":"A*Desk Critical Thinking","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/cc1177f35005bec79d1ada6d85750477","name":"Maite Garbayo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/68ecbdc81413d8cf2093ab4f934e2c7f","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/934a86c8ef8014a668dc329d51303f48?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/934a86c8ef8014a668dc329d51303f48?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Maite Garbayo"},"url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/autor\/garbayo\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7107"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1270"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7107"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7107\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7107"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=7107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}