{"id":7373,"date":"2013-02-13T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-02-13T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/2013\/02\/13\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/"},"modified":"2013-02-13T02:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-02-13T02:00:00","slug":"el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/","title":{"rendered":"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Django.png\" “D-J-A-N-G-O, Django. La D \u00e9s muda\u201d. Aix\u00ed es dirigeix en un moment l’heroi (Jamie Foxx) al mal\u00e8vol terratinent Calvin Candie (Leonardo DiCaprio). Una frase marca de la casa que assenyala el gran protagonista de l’\u00faltima entrega del cineasta: el llenguatge. En el cinema de Tarantino, el llenguatge s’ha erigit amb dret propi com un estri portaveu de difer\u00e8ncies infinitesimals. Un sism\u00f2graf que ens revela aquestes petites difer\u00e8ncies que fan de la quotidianitat un m\u00f3n ple de matisos i sabors. El lector tindr\u00e0 ja en el seu cap la famosa conversa sobre les hamburgueses de Vega i Winnfield a Pulp fiction<\/em> … i molts altres di\u00e0legs brillants. <\/p>\n

Al respecte, a Django desencadenat<\/em> els personatges parlen angl\u00e8s, alemany o diuen paraules soltes en franc\u00e8s. No hi ha dubte que Quentin Tarantino \u00e9s un compendi de tot el que el postmodernisme i la postmodernitat poden haver arribat a significar, i\/o representar. Caldria imaginar, pel mateix motiu, qu\u00e8 en seria de la seva figura en uns moments en els que la revoluci\u00f3 ling\u00fc\u00edstica d\u2019aleshores, la deconstrucci\u00f3 dels g\u00e8neres, el pastitx, la ironia, les cites i el metallenguatge semblarien demanar una mica de tipus m\u00e9s… constructiu? Positiu? <\/p>\n

Queden lluny els dies de Reservoir Dogs<\/em> (1992) i Pulp Fiction<\/em> (1994), objectes volants no identificats destinats a sacsejar les entranyes d’aquesta modalitat arquet\u00edpica imprescindible que \u00e9s el g\u00e8nere cinematogr\u00e0fic. Una mica d’aix\u00f2 barrinava mentre anava al cinema m\u00e9s proper, amb curiositat i baixes expectatives a parts iguals. La resposta a aquest estat d’incertesa \u00e9s aquesta mateixa ressenya. Django desencadenat<\/em> ha anat creixent en mi mentre transcorria el metratge (digital). S’ha assentat en la seva excessiva durada, que en el meu parer no li escau gens malament, fent cas om\u00eds als criteris de la cinef\u00edlia sobre si el film \u00e9s menys inspirat o menys rod\u00f3. Perqu\u00e8 Django<\/em>, a part d’entreteniment, introdueix formalitzacions i contingut pol\u00edticament incorrecte que encara que ja es trobaven en la predecessora Malditos bastardos<\/em> (2009) apareixen ara encara m\u00e9s trets de polleguera, com si el director hagu\u00e9s perdut el sentit del rid\u00edcul i s\u2019hagu\u00e9s llan\u00e7at sense control a fer el que tot all\u00f2 que li vingui de gust.<\/p>\n

El duel dial\u00e8ctic entre Herr Doktor King Schulz (Christoph Waltz) i Calvin Candie (Di Caprio) \u00e9s un aut\u00e8ntic tour de force<\/em> de proporcions majestuoses, mentre que l’adquisici\u00f3 d’autoconsci\u00e8ncia d’aquest Black Panther<\/em> que \u00e9s Django no pot, de cap manera, estar d’acord amb les cr\u00edtiques llan\u00e7ades per Spike Lee cap a la pel\u00b7l\u00edcula. Es veu que Lee no la devia haver vist, o nom\u00e9s l’havien comptat. Val la pena comentar el que va dir Lee: b\u00e0sicament que el que li va passar als seus avantpassats no va ser un spaghetti-western<\/em>, sin\u00f3 un genocidi.<\/p>\n

Sens dubte, Spike Lee hagu\u00e9s preferit un fresc hist\u00f2ric rodat per Steven Spielberg en la l\u00ednia de La llista de Schindler<\/em> (1993), o l’actual Lincoln<\/em> (2012). Conv\u00e9 preguntar-nos si aquestes formes narratives suposadament plenes de respecte envers els fets hist\u00f2rics no s\u00f3n sin\u00f3 clix\u00e9s o m\u00e8todes recurrents que ja no aporten res al llenguatge cinematogr\u00e0fic. Per\u00f2 sembla que Spike Lee no exigia aquest conjunt de convencions, sin\u00f3 que el que li molestava era a l’adscripci\u00f3 d’un tema tan seri\u00f3s com l’esclavitud a un subg\u00e8nere “innoble” o bastard com l\u2019spaghetti-western<\/em>. En resum, un subg\u00e8nere o una forma menor, impr\u00f2pia del noble contingut a qu\u00e8 aspira representar. <\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 \u00e9s aleshores que opera el miracle, ja que nom\u00e9s \u00e9s des dels marges d’aquest subg\u00e8nere que la hist\u00f2ria pot ser explicada d\u2019una altra manera, obrint les opacitats a una posici\u00f3 d’entesa divergent, invertida, i allunyada de l\u2019status quo<\/em> imperant. M\u00e9s aviat, Django desencadenat<\/em>, en tant que spaghetti-western<\/em> sobre l’esclavitud pr\u00e8via a la Guerra Civil Americana \u00e9s primer de tot, literalment, un film-travesti, una par\u00f2dia sobre una altra par\u00f2dia que es presenta predisposada a l\u2019apropiacionisme i a la tergiversaci\u00f3 intencional. Vull dir, literalment, una pel\u00b7l\u00edcula queer<\/em> (i no em refereixo exclusivament al moment en qu\u00e8 Django adopta unes vestidures anacr\u00f2nicament for\u00e7a llampants), sin\u00f3 a la manera en la que s’erigeix en un al\u00b7legat post-identitari, o en profunda incomoditat pel que fa als c\u00e0nons de representaci\u00f3 de la minoria negra oprimida. Aquesta q\u00fcesti\u00f3, la del c\u00e0non, necessita un aclariment: Django desencadenat<\/em> \u00e9s una pel\u00b7l\u00edcula post-identit\u00e0ria, en un postmodernisme tard\u00e0 on ja no existeix el c\u00e0non, on parlar de c\u00e0non suposa parlar en termes moderns, obsolets. Altres artefactes post-identitaris s\u00f3n The Wire<\/em>, o fins i tot les par\u00f2dies c\u00f2miques de Tyler Perry transvestida de “mamma negra”. La representaci\u00f3 racial, o de la classe oprimida, sigui quina sigui, ja no respon a cap c\u00e0non.<\/p>\n

Dit aix\u00f2, conv\u00e9 analitzar breument la controv\u00e8rsia sobre les dues \u00faltimes pel\u00b7l\u00edcules de Tarantino: em refereixo, al que implica la Hist\u00f2ria (amb H maj\u00fascula). Si convenim que l’esp\u00e8cie animal de Tarantino \u00e9s diametralment oposada a la d’un Chris Marker, llavors, no hauria d’existir motiu per a la irritaci\u00f3. Fins i tot, si convenim que tot i les connexions evidents entre el nord-americ\u00e0 i el seu admirat Jean-Luc Godard, ambd\u00f3s provenen d’universos tan remots, doncs tampoc. La clau est\u00e0 en poder dilucidar els usos d’un artefacte cultural de consum de masses com una pel\u00b7l\u00edcula de Tarantino. No crec que per a una classe d’hist\u00f2ria en un institut pogu\u00e9s servir. <\/p>\n

Arran d’aix\u00f2, resulten completament moralitzants i reaccion\u00e0ries anteriors declaracions de certa intelligentsia francesa (com les del “nou fil\u00f2sof” Bernard Henri-Levi), quan alertava de la influ\u00e8ncia que l’error hist\u00f2ric de narracions falses sobre la hist\u00f2ria, d’acord amb la representaci\u00f3 del nazisme a Malditos bastardos<\/em>, pogu\u00e9s tenir en els nostres adolescents. Per\u00f2 dir tot el contrari, que Tarantino, com Walter Benjamin, sembla pensar que el passat pot ser modificat des del present, i que les ficcions no tenen per qu\u00e8 nom\u00e9s repetir la hist\u00f2ria sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 animar-se a modificar-la, pot convertir-se f\u00e0cilment en un exercici de funambulisme cr\u00edtic. La meva posici\u00f3 sobre aquest tema no est\u00e0 ni d’un costat ni de l\u2019altre, sin\u00f3 m\u00e9s proper a les potencialitats del subg\u00e8nere com utopia o, com b\u00e9 va dir Jordi Costa a l’\u00faltim n\u00famero de Caim\u00e1n Cuadernos de Cine<\/em>, “el cinema de subg\u00e8neres \u00e9s el territori ut\u00f2pic del desig complert”. Si pens\u00e9ssim en Django desencadenat<\/em> com un western<\/em> de ci\u00e8ncia-ficci\u00f3, potser la utopia se’ns revelaria m\u00e9s clarament. Tarantino no necessita de la ci\u00e8ncia-ficci\u00f3, ja en t\u00e9 prou amb la seva particular barreja. Per\u00f2 els efectes s\u00f3n molt semblants. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“D-J-A-N-G-O, Django. La D \u00e9s muda\u201d. Aix\u00ed es dirigeix en un moment l’heroi (Jamie Foxx) al mal\u00e8vol terratinent Calvin Candie (Leonardo DiCaprio). Una frase marca de la casa que assenyala…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1261,"featured_media":7356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6782],"tags":[],"coauthors":[6383],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEl sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat – A*Desk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat – A*Desk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"“D-J-A-N-G-O, Django. La D \u00e9s muda\u201d. Aix\u00ed es dirigeix en un moment l’heroi (Jamie Foxx) al mal\u00e8vol terratinent Calvin Candie (Leonardo DiCaprio). Una frase marca de la casa que assenyala...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"A*Desk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-02-13T02:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"670\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"457\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Peio Aguirre\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Peio Aguirre\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minuts\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label3\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data3\" content=\"Peio Aguirre\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/\",\"name\":\"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat – A*Desk\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-02-13T02:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2013-02-13T02:00:00+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/ce36ed411a766ec3bca4c3a39099d351\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png\",\"width\":670,\"height\":457,\"caption\":\"Django.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/\",\"name\":\"A*Desk\",\"description\":\"A*Desk Critical Thinking\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/ce36ed411a766ec3bca4c3a39099d351\",\"name\":\"Peio Aguirre\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/415c6f1dffc831344e62ba5bc752e632\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e920097e2a411cb2e58faa1daa0c4fe0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e920097e2a411cb2e58faa1daa0c4fe0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Peio Aguirre\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/peioaguirre.blogspot.com.es\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/autor\/peio\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat – A*Desk","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat – A*Desk","og_description":"“D-J-A-N-G-O, Django. La D \u00e9s muda\u201d. Aix\u00ed es dirigeix en un moment l’heroi (Jamie Foxx) al mal\u00e8vol terratinent Calvin Candie (Leonardo DiCaprio). Una frase marca de la casa que assenyala...","og_url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/","og_site_name":"A*Desk","article_published_time":"2013-02-13T02:00:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":670,"height":457,"url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Peio Aguirre","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrit per":"Peio Aguirre","Temps estimat de lectura":"6 minuts","Written by":"Peio Aguirre"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/","name":"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat – A*Desk","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png","datePublished":"2013-02-13T02:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2013-02-13T02:00:00+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/ce36ed411a766ec3bca4c3a39099d351"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/Django.png","width":670,"height":457,"caption":"Django.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/el-sub-genere-com-a-utopia-django\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"El sub-g\u00e8nere com a utopia: Django desencadenat"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/","name":"A*Desk","description":"A*Desk Critical Thinking","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/ce36ed411a766ec3bca4c3a39099d351","name":"Peio Aguirre","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/415c6f1dffc831344e62ba5bc752e632","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e920097e2a411cb2e58faa1daa0c4fe0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e920097e2a411cb2e58faa1daa0c4fe0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Peio Aguirre"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/peioaguirre.blogspot.com.es\/"],"url":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/autor\/peio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7373"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1261"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7373"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7373\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7373"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=7373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}