{"id":75803,"date":"2026-04-14T07:06:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T05:06:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?p=75803"},"modified":"2026-04-14T23:45:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T21:45:54","slug":"english-as-arbiter-the-translators-authority","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/english-as-arbiter-the-translators-authority\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019angl\u00e8s com a \u00e0rbitre: L\u2019autoritat del traductor"},"content":{"rendered":"

En aquesta segona part de la conversa, passem de les grans estructures de l\u2019angl\u00e8s com a guardi\u00e0 literari a quelcom m\u00e9s personal, com \u00e9s la realitat quotidiana d\u2019escriure, llegir i traduir entre lleng\u00fces. Parlem de l\u2019estranya autoritat dels traductors que treballen cap a l\u2019angl\u00e8s, de com prenen realment les decisions les petites editorials i de\u00a0<\/span>la inesperada vida pol\u00edtica de les lleng\u00fces minorit\u00e0ries<\/span>, aix\u00ed com<\/span>\u00a0la ra\u00f3 per la qual\u00a0<\/span>la defensa<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>d<\/span>el catal\u00e0 \u00e9s diferent\u00a0<\/span>de la defensa<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>d<\/span>el v\u00e8net. Finalitzem, potser de forma peculiar, amb el llat\u00ed, una llengua que no pertany a ning\u00fa i, per tant, potser pertany a tothom.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

John\u00a0<\/span>Holten<\/span><\/strong>:<\/span><\/span>\u202fFins ara hem\u00a0<\/span>estat\u00a0<\/span>parlant<\/span>\u00a0de la traducci\u00f3 i de les implicacions m\u00e9s \u00e0mplies de l\u2019angl\u00e8s com una mena\u00a0<\/span>d\u2019\u00abest\u00e0ndard<\/span>\u00a0del sector\u00bb per a la producci\u00f3 liter\u00e0ria. Per\u00f2, m\u2019agradaria saber la teva opini\u00f3 com a escriptor.\u00a0<\/span>Em va semblar que\u00a0<\/span><\/span>L<\/span>e<\/span>s\u00a0<\/span>Perfeccions<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>encertava<\/span>\u00a0en molt\u00edssims detalls fonamentals, i aix\u00f2 en part es devia a l\u2019\u00fas de l\u2019alemany. Jo vaig llegir la traducci\u00f3 a l\u2019angl\u00e8s, aleshores, en general, quina relaci\u00f3 tens amb l\u2019angl\u00e8s en el teu dia a dia? Et ve de gust parlar una mica d\u2019aix\u00f2?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Latronico<\/strong>: Malauradamen<\/span>t,\u00a0<\/span>encara\u00a0<\/span>llegeixo<\/span>\u00a0la major part de les meves lectures<\/span>\u00a0en angl\u00e8s, dic malauradament perqu\u00e8, d\u2019alguna manera, m\u2019agradaria que fos diferent. De vegades son llibres escrits directament a l\u2019angl\u00e8s, per\u00f2 la major part de les vegades son llibres dels quals la seva traducci\u00f3 a l\u2019itali\u00e0 o b\u00e9 no existeix o b\u00e9 \u00e9s menys precisa. Ho dic com a traductor que soc<\/span>. Els traductors estan mal pagats en tots\u00a0<\/span>els pa\u00efsos<\/span>\u00a0que conec<\/span>, tanmateix, en comparaci\u00f3 amb el mercat itali\u00e0,\u00a0<\/span>les traduccions a l\u2019angl\u00e8s estan molt millor remunerades. No perqu\u00e8 siguin intr\u00ednsecament m\u00e9s intel\u00b7ligents, sin\u00f3 perqu\u00e8 disposen de m\u00e9s temps i, llavors, tendeixen a produir una feina de m\u00e9s qualitat<\/span>, ja que<\/span>\u00a0hi poden dedicar m\u00e9s energia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 no crec que sigui nom\u00e9s una q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de diners. Tamb\u00e9 h<\/span>i ha una difer\u00e8ncia en la \u00abfilosofia de la traducci\u00f3\u00bb.<\/span>\u00a0Hi ha una acad\u00e8mica hongaresa,\u00a0<\/span>\u00c1gnes<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Orz\u00f3y<\/span>, que va dur a terme un\u00a0<\/span>enginy\u00f3s<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>estudi entrevistant a traductors que treballen entre l\u2019angl\u00e8s i l\u2019hongar\u00e8s. Va analitzar com veien\u00a0<\/span>la seva professi\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>i la seva posici\u00f3 dins l\u2019ecosistema cultural \u2014concretament, si consideraven la seva feina una \u00abtasca rutin\u00e0ria\u00bb\u202fo alguna cosa m\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Holten<\/strong>: \u00bfEs tracta d\u2019una tasca rutin\u00e0ria o, com b\u00e9 saps, d\u2019artistes creant art?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Latronico<\/strong>: Exacte. A m\u00e9s, els que tradu\u00efen cap a l\u2019angl\u00e8s tenien una percepci\u00f3 molt m\u00e9s alta de la seva posici\u00f3 que els seus hom\u00f2legs hongaresos.\u00a0<\/span>Per descomptat, aix\u00f2 \u00e9s degut\u00a0<\/span>al fet<\/span>\u00a0que els traductors a l\u2019angl\u00e8s son tamb\u00e9 la porta d\u2019acc\u00e9s a un gran mercat.<\/span>\u00a0Normalment, com a traductor saps que si tradueixes un autor hongar\u00e8s, est\u00e0s fent una cosa molt important per a ell, aix\u00f2 ser\u00e0 molt significatiu per la seva carrera. Mentre que al contrari no acostuma a ser aix\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0Vull dir que, la major part de les vegades que he tradu\u00eft autors estatunidencs els enviava correus electr\u00f2nics amb preguntes molt detallades sobre el text, i ells simplement responien: \u00abBah, \u00e9s igual. Fes el que vulguis. No m\u2019importa gaire\u00bb. Perqu\u00e8, ja saps, It\u00e0lia \u00e9s un mercat petit. Per qu\u00e8\u00a0<\/span>hi haurien de dedicar\u00a0<\/span>temps?<\/span>\u00a0A l\u2019inrev\u00e9s aix\u00f2 no passava mai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per tant crec que aix\u00f2 forma part de l\u2019equaci\u00f3. Per\u00f2 no \u00e9s nom\u00e9s aix\u00f2. Tamb\u00e9 penso que, per moltes raons \u2014potser el domini de l\u2019angl\u00e8s en sigui una\u2014, el \u00abcodi de conducta\u00bb de la traducci\u00f3 atorga m\u00e9s autoritat al traductor dins la llengua anglesa\u00a0<\/span>que no pas fora d\u2019aquesta.<\/span>\u00a0Fixa<\/span>-t\u2019hi<\/span>, per exemple, en Han\u00a0<\/span>Kang<\/span> i el fam\u00f3s cas de la traducci\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0de La vegetariana<\/em><\/a> per Deborah Smith. Va tenir un \u00e8xit aclaparador<\/span>, per\u00f2 despr\u00e9s va ser criticada per prendre massa llibertats pel que fa al text original.<\/span><\/p>\n

La manera en qu\u00e8\u00a0<\/span>Sophie<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Hughes<\/span>\u00a0va traduir\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Les Perfeccions<\/span><\/span>\u00a0no hauria estat acceptable en el cas d\u2019una traducci\u00f3 a l\u2019itali\u00e0. De totes maneres, crec que va ser la decisi\u00f3 correcta, perqu\u00e8 una llengua no es pot reduir a l\u2019equival\u00e8ncia precisa de paraules o frases. Es tracta de recrear una \u00abatmosfera\u00bb, p<\/span>e<\/span>r dir-ho d\u2019alguna manera, i un estil. I nom\u00e9s es pot reivindicar realment l\u2019autoritat per fer-ho si\u00a0<\/span>s\u2019actua<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>des d\u2019una posici\u00f3 de domini.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vull dir que, si llegeixes la teoria rom\u00e0ntica alemanya de la traducci\u00f3 \u2014i en aquella \u00e8poca, no per casualitat, l\u2019alemany era la llengua dominant de la literatura i la cultura europees\u2014, els rom\u00e0ntics alemanys pensaven que les traduccions eren, de fet, millors que l\u2019original. Creien que el traductor podia, d\u2019alguna manera, \u00abpurificar\u00bb les imperfeccions \u2014les imperfeccions accidentals\u2014 diguem-ne, aquesta gran idea universal que se t\u2019acudeix a tu, un irland\u00e8s i, en la traducci\u00f3, jo\u00a0<\/span>la\u00a0<\/span>podria\u00a0<\/span>purgar d\u2019aquest<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0accidents i tornar-li la seva puresa universal. \u00c9s clar que aix\u00f2 no \u00e9s exactament el que ha fet\u00a0<\/span>Sophie<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Hughes<\/span>, per\u00f2 crec que nom\u00e9s es pot formular la teoria que les traduccions poden divergir lleugerament de l\u2019original des de dins d\u2019una llengua dominant, fins i tot, de vegades, aix\u00f2 pot ser positiu.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Holten<\/strong>:\u00a0Doncs s\u00ed que \u00e9s fascinant s\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Fa temps es va estendre la idea \u2014fins i tot entre alguns membres de l\u2019Acad\u00e8mia Sueca\u2014 que els estatunidencs i els\u00a0<\/span>brit\u00e0nics (i els irlandesos, cal afegir) no llegien prou literatura universal. Ja saps, el fet que la teva llengua sigui la dominant tamb\u00e9 pot suposar un desavantatge, oi?<\/span><\/p>\n

Latronico<\/strong>: Sens dubte. Per\u00f2 crec que tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s molt f\u00e0cil\u00a0<\/span>analitzar<\/span>-ho\u00a0<\/span>des d\u2019un punt de vista purament materialista. Tots els editors italians parlen un angl\u00e8s perfecte, de manera que, en aquest sentit, no tenen cap problema. Imagina que un editor itali\u00e0 t\u00e9 un llibre meu i un de teu damunt l\u2019escriptori. El meu llibre \u00e9s un manuscrit, \u00e9s a dir, un arxiu de Word. El teu llibre\u00a0<\/span>est\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0a punt de sortir a la venda al Regne Unit o als Estats Units.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aquest editor, que ha llegit tots dos textos, ha de defensar davant dels seus caps la decisi\u00f3 de publicar un dels dos. En el meu cas, l\u2019editor nom\u00e9s podria dir: \u00abB\u00e9, crec que aquest llibre\u00a0<\/span>\u00e9s bo\u00bb. En el teu cas, podria dir: \u00abB\u00e9, crec que aquest llibre \u00e9s bo, i\u00a0<\/span>Penguin<\/span>\u00a0tamb\u00e9 creu que aquest llibre\u00a0<\/span>\u00e9s<\/span>\u00a0bo, i invertiran una certa quantitat en m\u00e0rqueting\u00bb, i aix\u00ed successivament. O millor encara:\u00a0<\/span>Penguin<\/span>\u00a0ja ha publicat el llibre i ha rebut aquestes cr\u00edtiques.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed doncs, encara que sembli una paradoxa, per a un editor itali\u00e0 \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil publicar ficci\u00f3 tradu\u00efda \u2014especialment si ja s\u2019ha publicat en angl\u00e8s\u2014\u202fque publicar ficci\u00f3 italiana. Perqu\u00e8 \u2014i soc conscient que \u00e9s una mica reduccionista analitzar la literatura mundial en aquests termes pr\u00e0ctics de com funcionen les empreses, per\u00f2 crec que \u00e9s esclaridor\u2014\u202fals EUA i al Regne Unit, la major part de les vegades no cal parlar un altre idioma per ser editor. En el seu cas, la literatura tradu\u00efda esdev\u00e9 una c\u00e0rrega\u00a0<\/span>perqu\u00e8 ells mateixos no la poden avaluar prou b\u00e9; necessiten gastar diners en la traducci\u00f3. En canvi, el fet que un llibre s\u2019hagi tradu\u00eft a It\u00e0lia \u00e9s un \u00abavantatge\u00bb. Facilita la vida de l\u2019editor.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Holten<\/strong>: Com ja saps, aquesta conversa ser\u00e0 tradu\u00efda al catal\u00e0 i al castell\u00e0.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Latronico<\/strong>: S\u00ed, i hi ha<\/span><\/span>\u00a0una altra cosa interessant que potser es pot afegir o no, i que t\u00e9 a veure amb all\u00f2 que coment\u00e0vem sobre el nacionalisme. Trobo fascinant \u2014especialment el cas del catal\u00e0\u2014\u202fperqu\u00e8 la defensa del catal\u00e0 prov\u00e9 tradicionalment de l\u2019esquerra. Es considera el catal\u00e0 que va ser perseguit pel r\u00e8gim franquista, aleshores la defensa s\u2019associa generalment amb la causa\u00a0<\/span>d\u2019esquerres o antifeixista.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

El m\u00e9s interessant \u00e9s que a It\u00e0lia els dialectes tamb\u00e9 van ser perseguits per part del r\u00e8gim feixista. Tanmateix, la defensa de les lleng\u00fces locals avui dia s\u2019associa amb l\u2019extrema dreta. La defensa del dialecte v\u00e8net, per exemple, la duu a terme\u00a0<\/span>el partit de Matteo\u00a0<\/span>Salvini<\/span>. \u00c9s una causa d\u2019extrema dreta, malgrat que hi ha poetes contemporanis, com \u00e9s el cas d\u2019un dels millors poetes italians de les darreres d\u00e8cades, Andrea\u00a0<\/span>Zanzotto<\/span>, que tamb\u00e9 escriu en dialecte v\u00e8net, i per descomptat que no votava a\u00a0<\/span>Salvini<\/span>. De totes maneres, aquesta causa a It\u00e0lia\u00a0<\/span>es considera pr\u00f2pia de la dreta. Fins i tot la defensa de l\u2019autonomia ling\u00fc\u00edstica al Tirol del Su<\/span>d<\/span>\u00a0es considera molt de dretes; m\u00e9s encara, en algun moment donat se\u2019ls va titllar de \u00abnazis\u00bb. No ho s\u00e9, no en trec cap conclusi\u00f3, per\u00f2 em sembla fascinant.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Holten<\/strong>: Em sembla\u00a0<\/span>fant\u00e0stic acabar en aquest punt. Vull incloure precisament aquesta idea perqu\u00e8 resulta una paradoxa. Jo sovint feia broma \u2014era una broma de mal gust\u2014, per\u00f2 sovint deia que era un \u00abangloparlant que s\u2019odia a si mateix\u00bb perqu\u00e8 vull parlar les lleng\u00fces que m\u2019envolten. Hauria d\u2019escoltar tant l\u2019itali\u00e0 o l\u2019alemany com l\u2019angl\u00e8s, ja que visc amb una italiana a Berl\u00edn.<\/span><\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s em sembla estrany que defensar-se de l\u2019angl\u00e8s o fins i tot odiar-lo esdevingui nacionalista. Necessitem un espai de discurs universal, especialment si volem que els ideals universals puguin funcionar en aquest m\u00f3n de xenof\u00f2bia i divisi\u00f3, per aix\u00f2 potser tenir una llengua franca sigui d\u2019ajuda.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Latronico<\/strong>: S\u00ed, \u00e9s clar.<\/p>\n

Holten<\/strong>: Per\u00f2 aleshores, aquesta llengua franca no hauria de ser la llengua de ning\u00fa.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Latronico<\/strong>: Crec que el llat\u00ed era bo, perqu\u00e8 ning\u00fa no naixia sabent llat\u00ed, llavors tothom partia en igualtat de condicions!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aquesta \u00e9s la segona part de la conversa entre\u00a0<\/span>Vicenzo<\/span>Latronico<\/span>\u00a0i John\u00a0<\/span>Holten<\/span>. Pots llegir la primera part, <\/span>El pes del centre<\/em> aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

(Imatge de portada: \u00a9 Juliet Barbieri)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En aquesta segona part de la conversa, passem de les grans estructures de l\u2019angl\u00e8s com a guardi\u00e0 literari a quelcom m\u00e9s personal, com \u00e9s la realitat quotidiana d\u2019escriure, llegir i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2983,"featured_media":75733,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8455],"tags":[8688,8689,8537,8686,8690,8691,8541,8687,8540,8500],"coauthors":[8451,8452],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTraducci\u00f3 Llengues Minorit\u00e0ries - L\u2019autoritat del traductor<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Segona part de la conversa entre Latronico y Holten sobre traducci\u00f3 llengues minorit\u00e0ries, din\u00e0miques editorials i pol\u00edtiques culturals.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/english-as-arbiter-the-translators-authority\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Traducci\u00f3 Llengues Minorit\u00e0ries - 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