{"id":8136,"date":"2013-09-08T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-09-08T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/2013\/09\/08\/allo-real-i-la-seva-representacio\/"},"modified":"2013-09-08T02:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-09-08T02:00:00","slug":"allo-real-i-la-seva-representacio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/ca\/magazine\/allo-real-i-la-seva-representacio\/","title":{"rendered":"All\u00f2 real i la seva representaci\u00f3: Sobre ‘The Act of Killing’"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"TAOK_AnwarBehindCamera_large_verge_super_wide.jpg\"
\nQue el documental \u00e9s un g\u00e8nere de plena actualitat est\u00e0 m\u00e9s que demostrat, encara que, que el futur creatiu del cinema passi per la seva revitalitzaci\u00f3 est\u00e0 encara per provar. Obres com la recent estrenada The Act of Killing<\/em> (2012) de Joshua Oppenheimer, Christine Cynn i nombrosos an\u00f2nims, s’encarreguen d’aplanar el cam\u00ed. Aquest documental sobre els efectes en el present del genocidi que va seguir a la repressi\u00f3 de l’intent del cop d’Estat a Indon\u00e8sia, al 1965, explicada en primera persona pels seus botxins quaranta anys despr\u00e9s, b\u00e9 mereix l’atenci\u00f3. En una entrevista recent, Oppenheimer relata com va arribar a Indon\u00e8sia l\u2019any 2001 per a rodar un enc\u00e0rrec sobre el sindicat d’una plantaci\u00f3 vinculat als supervivents d’aquells fets, tots ells estigmatitzats com a descendents de comunistes. Davant la perillositat de gravar aquelles persones, el director va observar que quan el focus es dirigia cap a l’altre costat, cap als que ara ostenten el poder, tot eren facilitats. Aix\u00f2 el va portar a canviar el punt de vista i comen\u00e7ar a indagar en la hist\u00f2ria d’Indon\u00e8sia: era com si els Nazis haguessin guanyat la guerra i encara controlessin Alemanya.<\/p>\n

L’habitual identificaci\u00f3 amb les v\u00edctimes de qualsevol documental pro-drets humans queda d’aquesta manera invertida. En centrar en els botxins, en aquesta “banalitat del mal” a la qual es refer\u00ed Hannah Arent, el director colpeja doblement <\/a>. El que s’ofereix a Indon\u00e8sia \u00e9s un mirall deformant on poder-se mirar. El cinema adquireix aleshores una funci\u00f3 pol\u00edtica, en confrontar la consci\u00e8ncia reprimida d’una societat sostinguda en la brutalitat d’un passat que obsessiona i modela el present. El documental no ha agradat a les autoritats del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Resulta dif\u00edcil veure The Act of Killing<\/em> com un exercici merament pol\u00edtic sense abans fixar-se en les profundes complexitats psicol\u00f2giques i morals. Anwar Congo va assassinar almenys a mil persones. Ell era un g\u00e0ngster<\/em>, un “free man” (com els agradava i encara els agrada auto- definir-se). Un Congo ara avi feli\u00e7 recrea les execucions en els llocs en qu\u00e8 es van realitzar, pautant-les amb un pas de txa-txa-txa. Els seus m\u00e8todes de tortura poden dividir-se segons g\u00e8neres cinematogr\u00e0fics: pelis de g\u00e0ngsters<\/em>, western<\/em>, musicals d’Elvis… No obstant aix\u00f2, tot i la impunitat, els malsons nocturns l’assalten. Congo passa de representar el seu paper de torturador a posicionar-se en el paper de v\u00edctima no sense abans representar els seus malsons. Quan Congo suplanta les seves v\u00edctimes est\u00e0 intentant rentar la seva consci\u00e8ncia sentint el que aquestes van sentir, fins que una veu darrere de la c\u00e0mera, del propi realitzador, li recorda que les seves v\u00edctimes es van sentir molt pitjor, ja que ell nom\u00e9s est\u00e0 actuant.<\/p>\n

S’ha parlat de surrealisme a prop\u00f2sit d’aquesta pel\u00b7l\u00edcula. Possiblement, per la seva sobredosi de realisme. Qualsevol teoria sobre la performativitat s’hauria de fixar en el proc\u00e9s psicol\u00f2gic d’aquests homes que decideixen usar l’excusa d’una pel\u00b7l\u00edcula per als seus propis fins: aqu\u00ed, el concepte de re-enactment<\/em> adquireix un significat exacte. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s, es tracta d’un exercici de subjectivaci\u00f3 a trav\u00e9s d’una representaci\u00f3 artificial no imposada sustentada en una apropiaci\u00f3 (l’aparell f\u00edlmic, l’espai del teatre) que intenta reconstruir uns fets hist\u00f2rics. El que distingeix aquest re-enactment<\/em> d’altres intents de reconstrucci\u00f3 hist\u00f2rics \u00e9s l’autoconsci\u00e8ncia que la possibilitat de la representaci\u00f3 ofereix per modelar el passat. Quan es produeix aquesta auto-consci\u00e8ncia, afegida a la idea d’staging <\/em>, \u00e9s quan la representaci\u00f3 esdev\u00e9 en un escenari on \u201cperformar\u201d. La regla d’or del documental d’actuar com si la c\u00e0mera no exist\u00eds, o la de mostrar-se al natural, se\u2019n va llavors directament en orris. Ells sobreactuen per a la c\u00e0mera. Per a Congo, Herman i els altres “actors”, el secret de l’ \u00e8xit del film que estan realitzant estar\u00e0 en la recerca del major realisme possible, la recreaci\u00f3 de la crueltat al detall. M\u00e8tode Stanislaski en lloc de distanciament brechti\u00e0. The Act of Killing<\/em> ofereix una magn\u00edfica reflexi\u00f3 sobre la consci\u00e8ncia humana i sobre l\u2019in-humanisme de la guerra, aix\u00ed com obre una via a explorar sobre els secrets de l’art i la seva representaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Que el documental \u00e9s un g\u00e8nere de plena actualitat est\u00e0 m\u00e9s que demostrat, encara que, que el futur creatiu del cinema passi per la seva revitalitzaci\u00f3 est\u00e0 encara per provar….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1261,"featured_media":8119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6782],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAll\u00f2 real i la seva representaci\u00f3: Sobre 'The Act of Killing' – A*Desk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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