{"id":29277,"date":"2020-09-28T06:00:22","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T05:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/?p=29277"},"modified":"2023-07-09T14:45:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-09T12:45:39","slug":"sunburns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/en\/magazine\/sunburns\/","title":{"rendered":"sunburns"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"Default\"><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The idea of <span class=\"None\"><i>the machine<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">in general, and <span class=\"None\"><i>the trap<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">in particular, compel us to consider <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">functions\u201d , <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">uses\u201d, and <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">mechanisms\u201d in very specific ways. For instance, each machine makes us think of the forms that its users are required to adopt, or the internal forms that guarantee successive operations, as well as of the potential forms that failures or disuse would take. In the case of the art exhibition, functioning<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">tends to be subjective and hard to predict. It is famously difficult to pin down the<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">function of an art object. What makes traps relevant as an abstract figure of thought is their operating system, that I will analyse later on this text. It&#8217;s worth mentioning that the parallel of artist\/hunter vs. spectator\/prey does not operate here. I would rather suggest that artists<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">often tend to play tricks, deceive, and set traps for themselves as part of their creative processes<\/span><a style=\"color: #808000;\" title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/28772633-13E3-405D-8E52-3256192B13C3#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span class=\"None\"><sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">[1]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/a><span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">.<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">The exhibition understood as trap-machine, by no means aims to generate a system for capturing visitors, created by the artist, but instead builds a shared environment full of deceptions, frauds, and stunts, which everyone, including authors, traverses without knowing how to proceed. Traps favour what I consider to be a productive, if fraught, relation between the viewer and the show: they expand our attention and provoke our skepticism. For any prey, the thing that matters is noticing what is trustworthy, solid, and secure, as well as being able to recognise distortion, insincerity, and fakes. The objective of trap-making here might be to build an exhibition where management has vanished and resolution becomes impossible, resulting in a situation where all that is left is the experience of being misled, and reactions to it. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">machines made out of machines<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Essentially, a machine is parts fitted together: a set of mechanical elements designed to take advantage of, direct, regulate, or transform energy into a desired effect. An exhibition might likewise be understood as pieces fitted together towards a specific use, which necessarily would then include some idea of <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">the user\u201d. The word <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"DE\">machine<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d recalls intricate subsystems and bonds, such as assemblies, gears, motion, structuring, or joints. Machines are defined by their <span class=\"None\"><i>function<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">; not only they perform independently (the simplest and smallest machine does things on its own), but are also likely to either be integrated into larger systems<\/span><span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><span style=\"color: #808000;\"> A machine is always a beginning, it heads vast formations. Machines express themselves in very simple and very complex ways. Machines made out machines; machines joined together to generate more elaborate actions and forms. Machinery speaks of collaboration, coordination, and substitution.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span class=\"None\"><i><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">(<\/span><\/i><\/span><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">Light and body form a type of machine<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">). <\/span><\/i><span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Ongoing research probes how the circadian clock affects physiological processes in almost all organisms. In humans, the biological activities affected include brain wave patterns, hormone production, and cell regulation. The disruption of these rhythms can result in insomnia, depression, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The shock that bright lights produce <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">on us <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">has been employed as a weapon in warfare and crime. If a bright light is positioned in front of the combatants at night, they are effectively blind to anything happening behind it. When the surprise attack commences, the enemy will be visually impaired. In the North, where the seasonal differences in sunlight are exaggerated to the degree of experiencing <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">midnight sun\u201d, the risks associated with an excess of lighting include sunburns inside the mouth, which often happen while breathing hard heading to the South Pole. Experiences similar to the ones I just described, were probably what inspired \u00c1<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">ngel Gonz<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00e1lez to write -in relation to fireworks- that, contrary to popular belief, mystery does not happen in obscurity, but in the excess of light<\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/28772633-13E3-405D-8E52-3256192B13C3#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><span class=\"None\"><sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">[2]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">. <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span class=\"None\"><i><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">(<\/span><\/i><\/span><span class=\"None\"><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">The functioning of a machine includes its irregularities, defects, and progressive deterioration towards its end<\/span><\/i><\/span><span class=\"None\"><i><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">).<\/span><\/i><\/span> <span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">Our main source of energy and life has used up about half of its thermonuclear fuel. In about 5 billion years from now, it will begin to die and this will not be epic. Death for the sun is a power outage. As it grows old it will expand, and as the core runs out of hydrogen and then helium, it will contract while the outer layers will expand, cool, and become less bright. It will swell into a red giant<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">, whose outer layers will engulf Mercury and Venus, and likely reach the Earth. In his book Psychoanalysis of Fire,<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">Gaston Bachelard describes the process as the sun dying after binge eating, <\/span><span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">like a leech<\/span><span lang=\"IT\">\u00bb<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">. After the gigantic swallow, the outer layers of this star will continue to expand, and as this happens, the core will contract; the atoms in the core will fuse together, releasing energy. If it were more massive, the sun would explode as a supernova, but instead, the outer layers will drift off into space, forming a planetary nebula exposing the core. Most of its mass will go to the nebula. The remaining sun will cool and shrink; it will eventually be only a few thousand miles in diameter. The star will then be known as a<\/span> <span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u201c<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">white dwarf<\/span><span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u201d<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">: a stable star with no nuclear fuel. It will radiate its left-over heat for billions of years. When its heat is all dispersed, it will be a cold, invisible, <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">dark black dwarf<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">\u201d<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">&#8211; essentially a dead star- perhaps replete with diamonds, highly compressed carbon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2856\" height=\"1596\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29402\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.1.jpg 2856w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.1-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.1-595x333.jpg 595w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2856px) 100vw, 2856px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2878\" height=\"1582\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29405\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.2.jpg 2878w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.2-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.2-595x327.jpg 595w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2878px) 100vw, 2878px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2880\" height=\"1542\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29408\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.3.jpg 2880w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.3-768x411.jpg 768w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.3-595x319.jpg 595w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2880px) 100vw, 2880px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2848\" height=\"1538\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29411\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.4.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.4.jpg 2848w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.4-768x415.jpg 768w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-1.4-595x321.jpg 595w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2848px) 100vw, 2848px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">The final explosion of a supernova star, before its death captures for the first time, thanks to NASA&#8217;s Kepler space telescope. It lasted about 20 minutes. The deceased star was called KNS 2011a, it was a red giant, almost 500 times the size of the sun, located in another galaxy about 1200 million light years from Earth. A supernova means death for any planet that orbits the exploding star.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #00ccff;\">trap, human traps <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">A trap is commonly described as a device and tactic, intended to capture an intruder or prey. Traps can be physical objects, such as clamps, nets, trenches, or ropes, and also metaphorical things, like riddles or conundrums. Being trapped consists in being brought forcibly into a concrete world. I think of how arms trap us. Traps are generally understood as mechanisms of aggression, employed towards bodies that the trap-builder (hunter) intends to subjugate. By contrast, I suggest that traps lack ethics or intention, and can <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">also <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">be constructed and used, just for the sake of use. The practice of trapping, and the fact of being trapped. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The main ingredient of the trap is<\/span> <span class=\"None\"><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">deception<\/span><\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">; it operates through disguise and deceitfulness which, in turn, when the trap is successfully used, they often become disabled. Traps tend to be fleeting \u2014an event\u2014<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">, and <span class=\"None\"><i>fugacity <\/i><\/span>gives them shapes: the trap and its new forms of deception regularly need to be rethought, again and again. They constitute an extremely site specific mechanism, that not only blends in with the rhythms and shapes of the space in which it acts, but also serves a particular type of creature; depending on the prey \u0301s size or strength, for example, trapping may require different types of constructions. The form of the trap can either be recognisable, invisible, or mimic the creature that is intended to be deceived. It is a form based on behaviour; it needs to know the way this creature will move and what it desires, since trap systems <\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">often respond to<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> temptation. Logically, th<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">ese<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> form<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">s<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> also depend on the deficiencies of the prey, like the incapacity of some animals to swim backwards. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Among the many forms the trap can take, I will take a closer look to its performance as a space for trapping humans. This includes strategies of coordination and juxtaposition through sensorial and conceptual elements, where time becomes a component as well, that can be altered and projected into <\/span><span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">the landscape. The deception of humans can either occur in a violent instant (like we often do to <\/span><span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">animals), or happen gradually and last for an indefinite period of time, to the extent that some human<\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">preys even forget that they were once trapped, or just do not realise it at all<\/span><\/span><a title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/D25111DE-829B-4511-BB3A-85EF60D94425#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span class=\"None\"><sup><span lang=\"EN-US\">[3]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">In amusement parks, supermarkets, or tourist sites, immersive processes aim to make clients forget that there is an outside; that they have different concerns or appetites from the ones displayed on their faces. We can distinguish two major types: ambiances that have been carefully orchestrated, like amusement parks; and areas that appeared randomly and have evolved in uncoordinated ways, such as gambling cities or stag night destinations. The key difference lies in the manner by which they negotiate with reality, and make their clients tolerate desires. While theme parks build a controlled fantasy and encourage users to perform as part of it, becoming the protagonist of the attractions or a villain; what is proposed at stag night destinations is not an alternative but the world itself. Metropolitan trap machines such as Las Vegas act on reality, and visitors experience them without a (specific) given role. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Default\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Much of the trapping \u0301s effectiveness relies, not on what motifs appear or in their order, but in their <\/span><span class=\"None\"><i><span lang=\"PT\">excess:<\/span><\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"EN-US\">in filling every instant with a new gag, sex scene, or fright. <span class=\"None\"><i>Addiction<\/i><\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">is produced and maintained in both territories, as the main<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"> trapping mechanism. At unplanned destinies<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">, <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">the rises in tone, the absence of control of all the views, errors in the staging, contradictions, and eruptions of the unexpected, become pleasant, as they are part of what a true city would be. This confusion, alongside the juxtaposition of the most disparate elements and the abuse of clich<\/span><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e9<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">s, is part of the lesson that Venturi suggests architects and designers should take with them<\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"> from Las Vegas<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">: <\/span><span lang=\"FR\">\u00ab<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">It is not an order dominated by the expert and made easy for the eye. The moving eye and the moving body must work to pick out and interpret a variety of changing, juxtaposed orders.<\/span><span lang=\"IT\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"None\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">4 <\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">Likewise, thematic parks operate like a movie; their landscapes deploy pace and frequent instants of mini action which prevent boredom from happening. It&#8217;s been said that Walt Disney was proud of his parks never being finished. <\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n<p class=\"Footnote\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"765\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29269\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-2.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-2.1.jpg 1020w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-2.1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-2.1-533x400.jpg 533w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"342\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29272\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/E-GATON_-IMAGEN-2.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><span class=\"gmail_default\">Above:\u00a0<\/span>Interior of Harrods, luxury mall at London, 2020.\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #00ccff;\"><span class=\"gmail_default\">Below: Golf\u00a0<\/span>Simulador by Grupo Osuna (now available).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808000;\">Viewing is rarely a precise activity; most notably when it deliberately takes account of the multiple bodies that will experience it. Viewing becomes part of a strategy of trapping, and being trapped. It involves deception, as well as a shift that cannot be reversed. \u00abLarge predators indicate our preparedness to coexist with the otherness of the earth, and to recognize ourselves in mutual, ecological terms, as part of the food chain, eaten as well as eater. (&#8230;) how misguided we are to view ourselves as masters of a tamed and malleable nature.\u00bb<a style=\"color: #808000;\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/5EDB0E90-BC44-490A-A23D-88EF098C88D0#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> In the machinic approach, viewers act as <em>gear units <\/em>whose behaviour in relation to the exhibition (to the viewed things) will also be unclear, permanently shifting its position: from feeling ourselves as hunters, to being prey.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><em>This text is part of a longer essay that will be published throughout 2020\/2021.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/5EDB0E90-BC44-490A-A23D-88EF098C88D0#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><sup>5<\/sup> Plumwood, V. 1999: <em>Being Prey<\/em>, from <em>Travellers Tales: the Ultimate Journey<\/em>. Richard Sterling Ed. The author wrote this essay as a reflection after being attacked by a crocodile in Kakadu (Australia).<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/28772633-13E3-405D-8E52-3256192B13C3#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span class=\"None\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"> The basque artist Jorge Oteiza referred to artists practice as <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">trap makers<\/span>\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">. In Basque, the word <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span>art\u201d <span lang=\"EN-US\">means <\/span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u201c<\/span>trap\u201d<span lang=\"EN-US\">. Oteiza suggested that in Prehistoric times the art practice was used to both hunt animals and spirits.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n<p class=\"Footnote\"><a title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/28772633-13E3-405D-8E52-3256192B13C3#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><span class=\"None\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/span><\/a><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\"> Gonz<\/span>\u00e1lez, A. 2007: <span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">Pintar Sin Tener Ni Idea y Otros Ensayos Sobre Arte.<\/span> <span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">Madrid: Ediciones Asim<\/span><span lang=\"FR\">\u00e9<\/span><span lang=\"PT\">tricas<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/D25111DE-829B-4511-BB3A-85EF60D94425#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span class=\"None\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\"> At Radio City Music Hall, as early as the 1930s, conventional use of air conditioning (which expensive installations impressed Le Corbusier), is questioned, and it&#8217;s expansion is considered, by the possibility of adding hallucinogenic gases to the theater atmosphere. Thus, a small amount of gas could put the public in an euphoric state. In fact, for a short time, ozone was injected into the theater&#8217;s air conditioning. Koolhaas, R. (1994): <span class=\"None\"><i>Delirious New York<\/i><\/span><\/span> , Ed. 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, 1994, p.210-1.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n<p class=\"Footnote\"><a title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/D57B42D2-DA1C-4194-8237-94277BA5955B#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> <span lang=\"EN-US\">Venturi, R. &amp; Izenour S. &amp; Scott Brown D. 1972: <i>Learning from Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form<\/i><\/span>. <span lang=\"EN-US\">Cambridge, Ma.: MIT Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n<p class=\"Footnote\"><a title=\"\" href=\"applewebdata:\/\/67BB35FE-ACBF-46CF-A348-FF8449C0EFB0#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><span style=\"color: #808000;\"><span lang=\"NL\"> Plumwood, V. 1999: <\/span><i><span lang=\"EN-US\">Being Prey<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-US\">, from <i>Travellers Tales: the Ultimate Journey<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">. Richard Sterling Ed. La autora escribi<\/span>\u00f3 <span lang=\"ES-TRAD\">este ensayo como reflexi\u00f3n tras el ataque de un cocodrilo en Kakadu (Australia), que casi le deja sin vida. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The idea of the machine in general, and the trap in particular, compel us to consider \u201cfunctions\u201d , \u201cuses\u201d, and \u201cmechanisms\u201d in very specific ways. For instance, each machine makes&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2681,"featured_media":29402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6053],"tags":[],"coauthors":[6623],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>sunburns &#8211; A*Desk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/en\/magazine\/sunburns\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"sunburns &#8211; A*Desk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The idea of the machine in general, and the trap in particular, compel us to consider \u201cfunctions\u201d , \u201cuses\u201d, and \u201cmechanisms\u201d in very specific ways. 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