{"id":48497,"date":"2023-09-11T07:04:25","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T05:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/?p=48497"},"modified":"2023-09-11T15:37:14","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T13:37:14","slug":"part-2-the-colonial-gaze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/en\/magazine\/part-2-the-colonial-gaze\/","title":{"rendered":"Part 2: The Colonial Gaze"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Within an undivided city, everything is possible, all kinds of adjustments can be made, all kinds of accommodations can be considered, all kinds of autonomy can be enjoyed, all kinds of positive relationships can be developed.<\/em><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Teddy Kollek\u2019s sppech, date unknown.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Teddy Kollek, a Jewish man born in Hungary, served as the mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993 with a key goal of turning the city into a hub for arts and culture. While the museums and modern architecture were intended to showcase this vision, they also had the unintended effect of perpetuating a colonial viewpoint of tribal cultures. These cultures were often exoticized and dehumanized, creating a hierarchy in which they were considered \u201cuncivilized\u201d by colonial powers.<\/p>\n<p>Kollek saw art as a way to bring people together and decided that the city and the state of Israel needed a modern art museum. However, it was a white Western, modernist idea of art and of history that he imposed on a place that had a richer history than he could ever have imagined. Commissioned art and artists are always used by power to tell a particular story of progress and enlightenment of progressive values and inclusiveness. It&#8217;s merely a tool in the big toolbox, a few words in the vocabulary of the art used by the nation-state to be portrayed by the world as a nation-state that is civilized, democratic, in line with Western moral values, progress and capitalism, the best of colonialism.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48532\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48532\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48532 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze2-265x400.jpg 265w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze2-768x1160.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abstract from the book \u201cTeddy\u201d, published by Mohndruck GmbH, Guetersloh<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_48529\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48529\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48529 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze1-265x400.jpg 265w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze1-768x1158.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abstract from the book \u201cTeddy\u201d, published by Mohndruck GmbH, Guetersloh<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Ashkenazi Jews felt influenced by their European ancestry, which led them to seek backing from colonial powers in the North to build a modern state.<\/p>\n<p>For centuries Museums, while serving as cultural and educational centers, have also been instrumental in perpetuating colonial narratives.<\/p>\n<p>The Israel Museum aimed to be a cultural bridge between the West and the Middle East with its modern architecture, similar to museums in cities like Basel, Paris, and New York.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48505\" style=\"width: 584px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48505\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48505 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-Moshe-Dayan.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"574\" height=\"322\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48505\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Video excerpt from Opening of The Israel Museum in Jerusalem, 1965<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Among those holding speeches on the occasion were Prime Minister Levi Eshkol, President Zalman Shazar, Samuel Bronfman (after whom was named the biblical and archaeological part of the museum) Billy Rose (whose Art Garden we will later observe as a part of the complex) and Mayor Teddy Kollek. Rachel Shazar, wife of President Shazar solemnly cut the ribbon and guests were invited to the building. Exhibitions were first-hand explored by Golda Meir, David Ben Gurion, Shimon Peres, Abba Eban, Isamu Noguchi, Yigael Yadin and Moshe Dayan. Along with a short preview of the show pieces, exposition spaces and close-ups of the engraved names on the personalized parts of the complex, we are also provided with some insights into the handling and restoration routine.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48508\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48508\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48508 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-1.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-1-240x400.jpg 240w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-1-768x1280.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph by Adam Broomberg and Monika Orpik; The Israel Museum Collection, 2019<\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><em>New York<br \/>\n<\/em><em>March 15, 1976<br \/>\n<\/em><em>To: MM<br \/>\n<\/em><em>CC: Teddy Kollek<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Young couple &#8211; principal interest collecting New Guinea art. Also have Eskimo, African, American Indian and a few Antiquities. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Heard about the Wrights through a relative seven years ago, contacted them and told them about the Museum \u2026<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">they were ready to start doing something for the Museum.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>The Wrights want to start giving some of their collection and also purchase New Guinea art for the Museum. They are very unhappy about the Shipman Collection and <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">hesitate to become involved unless the Museum Raises its standards in theififield (their field) of interest. <\/span><\/em><\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from EW to MM, March 15, 1976, New York.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The United States and Europe, major philanthropic forces, were the largest collectors of tribal art. They not only provided substantial financial support to the museum but also donated precious archaeological artefacts and objects from Oceania, Africa, and Asia. This raises the question of why Central-African and Oceanic art found its way to Israel.<\/p>\n<p>Even if not all donors seek for public recognition, some still opt to have galleries named in their honour. This in return raises the question of whether these donations can be truly considered as acts of altruism or if they are primarily motivated by ego or tax incentives.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><em>New York<br \/>\n<\/em><em>November 11, 1976<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Dear M<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>We at the American Friends <\/em><\/span><em>of the Israel Museum <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">are very excited about your forthcoming gift <\/span>for the Maremont Pavilion at the Israel\u00a0 Museum in Jerusalem. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>We are also very pleased that <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">you have agreed to join the AFIM International Organization of Patrons<\/span>. This group was founded several years ago through the <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">initiative of Mayor Teddy Kollek<\/span> and Baron Edmond de Rothschild of France, the purpose of which was to provide for the equivalent of an endowment fund in the form of patrons who contribute $1,000 annually. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Patron membership is the life-blood of the Israel Museum <\/span>and helps make possible the mounting of yearly exhibitions of paintings, sculpture and archeological objects, as well as lectures, concerts, art films and guided tours. The American Friends of the Israel Museum is pledged to carry out this program. <\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Sincerely, LS<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from LS to M, November 11, 1976, New York<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_48511\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48511\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48511 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-2-277x400.jpg 277w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-2-768x1110.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48511\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph by Adam Broomberg and Monika Orpik; The Israel Museum Collection, 2019<\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote><p><strong><em>New York<br \/>\n<\/em><em>December 21, 1979<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Dear M<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>I know I need not tell you <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">how important the Museum is in the cultural life of our country<\/span>. And the <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">addition of Oceanic Art<\/span> to the scope of our Museum\u2019s collections <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">will help widen the world of our people<\/span>. The beautiful <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">pieces you have already contributed have given us a taste of the exciting things to come.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Yours, Teddy Kollek<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from Teddy Kollek to M, December 21, 1979, New York.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_48514\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48514\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48514 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-3.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-3-294x400.jpg 294w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-3-768x1044.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48514\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph by Adam Broomberg and Monika Orpik; The Israel Museum Collection, 2019<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The museum\u2019s creation relied heavily on the support of donors, but some donors had more influence than others which occasionally caused tension. Teddy Kollek aimed to establish the museum as a representation of civilization and prestige among wealthy art collectors, aligning it with Western powers of the colonial era.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong><em>Lisbon<br \/>\n<\/em><em>April 21, 1982<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Dear Mr. Kollek <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Before my pecuniary contribution I brought <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">items of my collection<\/span> (Egyptian gods, books about cases of the inquisition, XVII century map about Jerusalem etc; etc.) which I handed over or to Mr. Meshorer and somebody they have told but I have <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">never got even a receipt of the remittance or a letter of thanks. <\/span>My <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">letters to acknowledge the gift were unanswered<\/span> of I was told the Mr. M is in New York.\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>I am telling you all this because <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">I am a real friend of the museum.\u00a0 <\/span><\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Yours faithfully<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Dr. P de BS<\/em><\/strong><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_48497_1('footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from DR P de BS to Teddy Kollek, April 2, 1982, Lisbon<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_48497_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_48517\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48517\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48517 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-4.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-4-246x400.jpg 246w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-4-768x1250.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48517\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph by Adam Broomberg and Monika Orpik; The Israel Museum Collection, 2019<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The Museum of Israel&#8217;s role extended beyond culture and arts; it also served as an instrument to demonstrate that Jerusalem could be a place of peace and coexistence. Teddy Kollek was keen on highlighting the political significance of this museum for not only Arab neighbours but the entire Middle East.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48535\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48535\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48535 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1043\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze3.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze3-345x400.jpg 345w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze3-768x890.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48535\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abstract from the book The Jerusalem Foundation, published by Jerusalem Foundation Inc.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_48520\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48520\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48520 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-5.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-5-595x327.jpg 595w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-5-768x422.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48520\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph by Adam Broomberg and Monika Orpik; The Israel Museum Collection, 2019<\/p><\/div>\n<p>From a Eurocentric standpoint, narrating the stories of indigenous peoples and tribes without falling into stereotypes and misconceptions is today\u2019s challenge. Their unique worldviews cannot be fully understood through a European lens that is foreign to them.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48502\" style=\"width: 430px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48502\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48502 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-mask_show_with-teddy.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"236\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Video excerpt from &#8220;What in the world ?&#8221; video programme, CBS production, 1955, by CBS Television Network Production<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The program offers to witness \u201cthe most unusual scientific challenge\u201d accepted by \u201cthe group of outstanding experts\u201d.<br \/>\nViewers are invited to join the investigation performed by the invited panel, before which are brought \u201cstrange and mysterious objects from prehistoric times\u201d gathered from the storerooms of museums all around the world.<br \/>\nIn this episode, Karl Coon, Jacques Lipchitz and Vincent Price were to identify what in the world it is, where the showpiece is from and when in time it&#8217;s from.<br \/>\nEach object is presented to the viewer slowly appearing from the puffs of smoke accompanied by mysterious sounds, while the voice behind the screen provides all the necessary information to be guessed by the experts.<br \/>\nExamination of the piece takes place in the centre of the studio on the round postament surrounded by participants. After closely studying the artefact in their hands and commenting on its appearance, purpose, significance and representation, the gentlemen share their surmises for the confirmation of the moderator and viewers.<\/p>\n<p>In the spotlight were:<br \/>\nFood carving in the form of the crocodile from New Guinea.<br \/>\nAncient limestone figure of a hippopotamus with two heads from Egypt made during the Roman period.<br \/>\nMask made by Baoule people from the Ivory Coast of West Africa.<br \/>\nFlint spear point from Scandinavia.<br \/>\nAnima head made of volcanic stone presumably from Costa Rica.<br \/>\nJar in the form of a human from Panama.<br \/>\nTobacco pipe made by Kenyan people.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48600\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48600\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48600 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-6.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-6-533x400.jpg 533w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-collage-6-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48600\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph by Adam Broomberg and Monika Orpik; The Israel Museum Collection, 2019<\/p><\/div>\n<p>When presenting native and indigenous cultures in museums, the challenge lies in avoiding the perpetuation of colonial narratives in the prestigious \u201cwhite cube\u201d environment. And so we have the Israel Museum with a collection of modernist masterpieces, and alongside them proudly displayed tribal works, earned through precious connections with Western and American donors. The picture matches perfectly with the pattern established and widely used by self-respecting colonial powers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48523\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48523\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-48523 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-israel_museum077.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-israel_museum077.jpg 900w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-israel_museum077-260x400.jpg 260w, https:\/\/a-desk.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Part-2-The-colonial-gaze-israel_museum077-768x1179.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48523\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph by Adam Broomberg and Monika Orpik, The Israel Museum Collection, 2019. (Object stored in a box with Esther Schipper\u2019s (Berlin-based gallery) name on it)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Article by: Adam Broomberg, Monika Orpik, Rebecca Routman and Mariia Vydrenko on behalf of Artists + Allies x Hebron (AAH). AAH is Issa Amro (Hebron)<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>&amp; Adam Broomberg (Berlin).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(Cover photo: Teddy Kollek, 27 May 1911 &#8211; 2 January 2007, Israeli politician, Mayor of Jerusalem 1965-1993)<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_48497_1();\">&#x202F;<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_48497_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_48497_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_48497_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_48497_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Teddy Kollek\u2019s sppech, date unknown.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_48497_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from EW to MM, March 15, 1976, New York.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_48497_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from LS to M, November 11, 1976, New York<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_48497_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from Teddy Kollek to M, December 21, 1979, New York.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_48497_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_48497_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_48497_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Excerpts of a letter, addressed from DR P de BS to Teddy Kollek, April 2, 1982, Lisbon<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_48497_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_48497_1').show(); 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